Knee is a hinge joint which is the largest hinge joint of the body. It is formed between lower end of femur and upper end of tibia. Its stability principally depends on its ligamentous structure. There are four major ligaments of knee joint which maintains its stability with other minor ligamentous structure, joint capsule, and muscle attachment around the knee. Major Knee ligaments are,

• Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL),
• Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL),
• Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL),
• Lateral cruciate ligament (LCL).

ACL and PCL are situated inside the joint connection both the bone at its center. MCL and LCL are situated at inner and outer side of the joint. Other ligament or ligament like structures are,

• Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL)
• Lateral retinaculum
• Anterolateral ligament
• Posterior capsular condensation

In between the joint surface there are two C-shaped structure which provide stability and create congruity of the articulation.

• Medial Meniscus and
• Lateral meniscus
• Muscles around knee contributing knee stability are,
• Quadriceps muscle patella and patellar tendon; (extensor mechanism)
• Hamstring muscle

During sports activity abnormal posture of knee can happen which along with the momentum generated puts these ligaments and meniscus prone to injury. The most common ligaments that got injury are ACL followed by MCL. Meniscus also can get injured. Sometimes joint surface cartilage can also suffer injury. Moto vehicle injury can also create same injury mechanism of knee and can results injuries like sports injury.

• Knee Ligament injuries
• ACL Injury
• PCL injury
• MCL injury
• LCL injury
• Meniscal injury
• Knee cartilage injury
• Multi-ligament injury